Preference for void-to-solid ratio in residential facades

This paper proposes that there is a need to quantify the value of void-to-solid ratio in residential facades. When quantified, void-to-solid ratio is expected to influence preference for these facades. To test this hypothesis, computer-simulated facades were created using a number of mesh editing and photo-editing software packages. The independent variable, void-to-solid ratio, was varied at three levels of windows' orientations and four levels of buildings' heights, resulting in 60 stimuli. A total of 174 participants were randomly sampled from Mutah University, Jordan, who input a total of 10,440 preference responses to the stimuli. The simulated facades were able to convey the values of void-to-solid ratios to participants. Responses revealed that there is an inverted U-shape relationship between preference for residential facades and their void-to-solid ratio, and that the most preferred range of void-to-solid ratios was (0.4–0.5).

► There is a need to quantify the value of void-to-solid in facades. ► Variables of void-to-solid ratio and windows' orientations in facades were modeled. ► Preferences for different levels of variables were collected from 174 participants. ► Nonparametric statistical tests revealed significant differences and associations. ► A range of void-to-solid ratio of (0.41–0.5) was the most preferred.