Spatially varying parameter estimation for dust emissions using reduced-tangent-linearization 4DVar

Twin experiments are conducted to evaluate the impact of assimilation settings on the dust forecast accuracy. In addition, experiments with real observations are conducted. However, these observations also reflect the aerosol concentration from local emissions. To effectively use these observations as representative for dust concentrations, an observation bias correction and a variable representation error are designed. Improvements on the dust storm forecast with our system are demonstrated.