The onset of convection in a magnetic nanofluid layer with variable gravity effects

This paper deals with the study of the onset of convection in a thin magnetic nanofluid layer which is heated from below under the influence of an applied magnetic field and a variable gravity field. The model used in this study includes the effect of Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis, and magnetophoresis. We applied the Chebyshev pseudospectral method to determine the numerical solutions and discussed the results for Rigid-Rigid, Rigid-Free and Free-Free boundary conditions for water and ester based magnetic nanofluids. The effect of significant parameters affecting the instability of the system has been investigated at the onset of convection.