Development of carbon-based nanoelectrodes for biosensing and electrochemical imaging

Carbon nanoelectrodes are emerging as a powerful tool for local electrochemical measurements. In addition to the advantages of carbon electrodes, i.e., their electrochemical catalytic property, high current density, low ohmic drop, low capacitive current, wide potential window, and minimal electrode fouling, nanoscale spatial resolution opens up new possibilities for single synapse and intracellular measurements as well as for high sensitive chemical measurements. In this review, we present the recent progress made in the applications of carbon nanoelectrodes, mainly in electrochemical sensing and electrochemical imaging.