| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8929764 | British Journal of Anaesthesia | 2018 | 26 Pages |
Abstract
Ketamine and norketamine attenuated morphine tolerance more effectively than oxycodone tolerance. Ketamine and norketamine increased morphine, but not oxycodone brain concentrations, which may partly explain this difference. Norketamine is effective in attenuating morphine tolerance with minor effects on motor coordination. These results warrant pharmacokinetic studies in patients who are co-treated with ketamine and opioids.
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Authors
T. Lilius, E. Kangas, M. Niemi, P. Rauhala, E. Kalso,