Isoflurane exposure for three hours triggers apoptotic cell death in neonatal macaque brain

A 3 h exposure to ISO is sufficient to induce widespread neurotoxicity in the developing primate brain. These results are relevant for clinical medicine, as many surgical and diagnostic procedures in children require anaesthesia durations similar to those modelled here. Further research is necessary to identify long-term neurobehavioural consequences of 3 h ISO exposure.