Predicting the efficacy of convection warming in anaesthetized children

(i) Although the effectiveness of this warming technique is influenced by patient/procedure characteristics, these do not predict normothermia (uncertainty ±28 min). Effectiveness is independent of simple thermal measures. (ii) Previously described measures of vasoconstriction are not valid in children. (iii) Our model shows children's thermal properties change with their Tcore.. However, key factors are unknown for an individual and our model does not predict heating efficacy. (iv) To minimize the risk of hyperthermia, we recommend continuous measurement of Tcore during convection heating. The device air temperature should be turned to medium (38°C) as Tcore approaches 37°C.