Endometrial L-selectin ligand is downregulated in the mid-secretory phase during the menstrual cycle in women with adenomyosis

LSL expressions were downregulated in the luminal epithelium of adenomyotic endometria in the mid-secretory phase. The mRNA expressions of LSL genes also had differential expression patterns throughout the menstrual cycle, especially for PODXL. Our study showed that adenomyosis may cause abnormalities of LSL production in the mid-secretory phase, which may contribute to impaired endometrial receptivity and implantation failure.