Cryogenic low-dropout voltage regulators for stable low-temperature electronics

In this paper, we propose the design and use of voltage regulators at cryogenic temperatures (down to 4 K), close to the actual load. As no commercial regulator was found to work below 90 K, we implemented an ad hoc low-dropout regulator with commercially available components that operate at 4 K. Its output voltage varies with less than 0.2% over the complete temperature range and it can regulate loads within 1 mV/A.