Comparison of combined laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy with percutaneous nephrolithotomy for removing large impacted upper ureteral stones with concurrent renal stones

These results indicate that both combined LU and flexible ureteroscopy and PCNL are suitable for removing large impacted upper ureteral stones with concurrent renal stones and are associated with a high rate of patients being stone free afterwards. Despite the longer operation time, the combined laparoscopic and endourological procedure may be associated with less postoperative pain and fewer major complications. However, the choice of treatment depends on the preferences of surgeons and patients.