The effect of ACL deficiency on the end-to-end distances of the tibiofemoral ACL attachment during in vivo dynamic activity

ACL-deficient knees had significantly longer in vivo end-to-end distances between 0°-30° of flexion for grafts at the AM, PL and SB-anatomic tunnel positions when compared with the intact knees. Graft fixation angles of < 30° for the AM, < 10° for the PL, and < 20° for the SB-anatomic grafts may prevent permanent graft stretch.