Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8978165 | Developmental & Comparative Immunology | 2005 | 13 Pages |
Abstract
Following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) macrophage-like SHK-1 cells, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of the antigen presenting molecules major histocompatability class I and II and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β gene expression. Prostaglandin E2 was found to be stimulatory towards cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression at higher concentrations (1Ã10â6 and 1Ã10â8 M) and inhibitory at lower concentrations (1Ã10â10 and 1Ã10â12 M) after 4 h exposure. After 24 h exposure, however, LPS-induced COX-2 expression decreased and was completely inhibited by all PGE2 concentrations (1Ã10â6-1Ã10â10 M). Incubation of SHK-1 cells with LPS alone had no effect on tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα)-like gene or transforming growth factor β-like gene expression after 4 h, however, LPS and PGE2 showed a synergistic effect on TNFα-like gene expression after 24 h. This study provides evidence for the existence of a PGE2-mediated negative feedback mechanism in the control of PGs through down-regulation of COX-2, as well as for inflammatory responses by the down-regulation of both COX-2 and IL-1β. The differential regulation of immune-related genes under these conditions further demonstrates the usefulness of the SHK-1 cell line for studying aspects of salmonid immunology.
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Authors
M.D. Fast, N.W. Ross, S.C. Johnson,