Factors predicting substance dependence and psychotropic medication use among offenders in community corrections

Co-occurring substance abuse and mental illness is prevalent among criminal offenders, but little is known about risk factors for these co-occurring disorders (COD) in community corrections population. To identify risk factors for COD in community corrections offenders, we analyzed assessment data from 5,595 offenders maintained under community supervision at a substance use diversion program. Three groups, offenders with substance use disorders who were taking psychotropic medications (SUPM), offenders with a substance use disorder (SUD) only and controls were compared. Logistic regressions were used to identify predictors of SUPM versus SUD only and controls. SUPM status was predicted by being White or Female, having some medical insurance (private or government aided), being unemployed, prior history of abuse/trauma, and prior history of suicidal ideation or behavior.Offenders with substance use disorders and co-occurring psychiatric problems face salient social risk that may need to be targeted through integrated services.

Research Highlights► Co-occurring disorders (COD) are highly prevalent in correctional populations. ► Over 80% of offenders are under community corrections. ► Examined risk for offenders with substance dependence on psychotropic medications. ► Identified White, unemployed females with insurance, trauma, and suicide history. ► Implications and future directions are discussed.