Physical abuse: Recognition and reporting

This article provides primary care providers, including pediatric nurse practitioners, with a framework for understanding the dynamics of child abuse, recognizing physical abuse injuries, and reporting concerns of suspected physical abuse to child protective services. Three children die in America every day as a result of child abuse or neglect. Many children who have severe injuries at the time that physical abuse is diagnosed have previously presented with less severe injuries, and physical abuse was overlooked. Physical assessment for children presenting with bruises, bite marks, burns, skeletal injuries, abdominal trauma, and head injuries will be discussed. Prompt recognition and reporting of physical abuse injuries by primary care providers is imperative for the protection of children.