Tissue Plasminogen Activator Use: Evaluation and Initial Management of Ischemic Stroke from an Iowa Hospital Perspective

Despite its efficacy for acute ischemic stroke, tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is reported as used in less than 5% of patients with stroke. This study assessed the rate of intravenous rt-PA use in a community hospital and identified factors influencing rt-PA use. A retrospective chart review revealed a total of 464 patients presenting to the emergency department with a primary diagnosis of stroke from January 2000 through June 2002. Records were sorted into 3 groups: those presenting to the emergency department within 3 hours, 3 to 6 hours, and 6 hours or more of symptom onset. Each record was reviewed using National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke thrombolytic therapy criteria. Primary measures were rate of intravenous rt-PA use and reasons for not receiving rt-PA. Of the 464 patients with stroke who presented to the emergency department during the 30-month period, 99 arrived in less than 3 hours, 22 between 3 and 6 hours, and 343 greater than 6 hours. A total of 13 (2.8% of all patients with stroke or 13% of those presenting within 3 hours) received rt-PA. All patients meeting criteria received rt-PA. Rapidly improving or minor symptoms and difficult to control or elevated blood pressure were the most common reasons for not using rt-PA. Of the patients arriving within the 3-hour window, 14 were excluded by time factors. We conclude from this study that rt-PA can be effectively used in community hospitals and that use likely exceeds previously quoted national rates when based on a more appropriate measure of eligibility criteria as opposed to total presenting patients with stroke.