Evaluation of phenolics and sugars as inducers of quercetinase activity in Penicillium olsonii

Quercetinase is produced by various filamentous fungi when grown on rutin as sole carbon and energy source. We investigated on the effect of 10 phenolics and two sugars, structurally related to substrates and products of the rutin catabolic pathway, on the induction of a quercetinase activity in Penicillium olsonii. Neither the sugars (glucose and rhamnose, two constituents of rutin), nor phenolics such as protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid and phloroglucinol were inducers. Rutin (maximum activity 150 nmol/min/mL after 5 days), quercetin (70 nmol/min/mL, 3 days), phloroglucinol carboxylic acid (60 nmol/min/mL, 3 days), 2-protocatechuoylphloroglucinolcarboxylic acid (50 nmol/min/mL, 5 days), 2,6-dihydroxy-carboxylic acid (90 nmol/min/mL, 7 days) and 2,4-dihydroxy-carboxylic acid (30 nmol/min/mL, 7 days) were demonstrated to be quercetinase inducers. We propose that rutin, quercetin and 2-protocatechuoyl-phloroglucinol carboxylic acid, the product of the reaction catalysed by quercetinase, act as inducers after their catabolic transformation in phloroglucinol carboxylic acid.