| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9162010 | Chest | 2005 | 8 Pages |
Abstract
Compared with free-flowing effusions, fibrinolytic activity was depressed in loculated effusions. A higher intensity of pleural inflammation in loculated effusions may enhance the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β1, which may subsequently increase the levels of PAI-1. The imbalance of PAI-1 and tPA in pleural spaces may lead to fibrin deposition and loculation of pleural effusions
Keywords
TGFTNFPAI-1IQRtPARPTinterleukinmalignancyTuberculosistransforming growth factorUltrasonographyproinflammatory cytokinestumor necrosis factorTissue-type plasminogen activatorplasminogen activatorFibrinolysislactate dehydrogenaseLDHinterquartile rangePlasminogen activator inhibitor type 1Pleural effusion
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Authors
Chung MD, MS, FCCP, Chen MD, Sheu PhD, Chen BS, Chang MD, PhD, FCCP,