Carotid Angiography in Contemporary Vascular Surgery Practice

While most patients with carotid artery disease can safely undergo carotid endarterectomy based on duplex ultrasound alone, carotid angioplasty and stenting must, by its nature, be performed in conjunction with carotid arteriography. The techniques of carotid angiography are a necessary prerequisite to carotid intervention. The indications, technique, and results of carotid angiography in a contemporary vascular surgery practice are described.