Spontaneous brain rupture: a complication of untreated hydrocephalus

A case of infantile hydrocephalus with secondary spontaneous brain rupture is reported. As far as the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of spontaneous brain and ventricular rupture secondary to high-pressure hydrocephalus. It is a case of infantile hydrocephalus occurring due to the expansility of an infantile skull, which is normally not seen these days, and is a fatal sequela of untreated hydrocephalus. This rare complication occurs with the rupture of thinnest part of the ependymal layer of the ventricle, cerebral tissue, meningeal membranes, bone and scalp.