Individual differences in perspective taking and field-independence mediate structural persistence in dialog

•Two measures are used to examine individual differences in structural persistence.•Speakers describe pictures after double object or prepositional dative primes.•Self-reported perspective taking and field-independence predict stronger effects of prime type.•Individual differences emerge most strongly following prepositional dative primes.•Structural persistence depends on individual speakers' sensitivity to what others say.

Speakers often reuse syntactic constructions recently produced by an interlocutor. As a form of conversational repetition, evidence for such structural persistence may depend on the extent to which different people are sensitive to the linguistic contributions of others. To investigate how individual differences might mediate the likelihood of structural persistence in dialog, two potential measures of such sensitivity – a measure of self-reported perspective taking and a measure of field-dependence/independence – were collected from participants who also worked with a confederate partner on a picture description task adopted from Branigan, Pickering, and Cleland (2000). Following prime descriptions produced by the confederate, participants produced target descriptions of ditransitive events that could be described with either prepositional dative (PD) or double object (DO) constructions. In general, participants who rated themselves higher in perspective taking and who were identified as more field-independent showed more evidence of repeating the partner's syntax; however, these patterns were limited to PD primes. Variability in sensitivity to others' perspectives, and variability in one's ability to attend to local structure, may shape the likelihood that interlocutors will display evidence for structural persistence in dialog.