β-Catenin Interacts With the FUS Proto-oncogene Product and Regulates Pre-mRNA Splicing

Background & Aims: β-Catenin is a downstream effector of the Wnt signaling pathway and is believed to exert its oncogenic function by activating T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) family transcriptional factors. However, it is still uncertain whether the diverse effects of β-catenin are caused solely by aberrant gene transactivation. In this study, we used a proteomics approach to obtain further insight into the functional properties of nuclear β-catenin. Methods: The protein assembly of a native β-catenin-containing complex in nuclear extracts from a colorectal cancer cell line, DLD-1, was identified using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Results: β-Catenin physically interacted with fusion (FUS)/translocated in liposarcoma (TLS) and various RNA-binding proteins. The expression of FUS/TLS was closely associated with the accumulation of β-catenin and with the undifferentiated status of intestinal epithelial cells. The transient transfection of FUS suppressed β-catenin-evoked gene transactivation of TCF/LEF, and β-catenin transfection affected the splicing pattern of the E1A minigene and induced a novel splicing variant of estrogen receptor (ER)-β exerting a dominant-negative activity. Conclusions: Human cancer expresses a large variety of alternatively spliced messenger RNA (mRNA), but the precise molecular mechanisms responsible for cancer-related alternative splicing are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated the interaction of β-catenin with FUS/TLS and other RNA-binding proteins involved in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing. Certain mRNA splicing abbreviations seen in human cancers may be induced by the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway.