Interferons (IFNs) are key cytokines in both innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses-and viruses counteract IFN action

Article ID	Journal	Published Year	Pages	File Type
9283012	Microbes and Infection	2005	10 Pages	PDF

Abstract

Interferons (IFNs) are transcriptionally regulated cytokines and key players in the innate antiviral immune response. Upon recognition of a virus, or its molecular patterns, by the Toll-like receptors of dendritic cells (DCs), high levels of IFNs are expressed by these cells. This in turn stimulates DC maturation and the subsequent expression of proinflammatory cytokines and costimulatory molecules, leading to the transition to an adaptive antiviral immunity. Conversely, viruses have developed diverse strategies to counterattack host defenses in order to generate their progenies.

Keywords

IP-10 AP-1 TLR IKK TRAF6 PKR dsRNA IKB TBK1 RIG-I LPS ISRE c-Jun N terminal kinase IRF-3 Inhibitor of NF-kB TIRAP SAPK Plasmacytoid DC ssRNA IkB kinase MDC Jnk MYD88 PDC PAMPs NF-kB iNOS NEMO Janus kinase CpG DNA IFNs ISGs MAPK single-stranded RNA double-stranded RNA STAT pathogen-associated molecular patterns Innate antiviral immunity interferons TRAM tumor necrosis factor-α Toll-like receptor caspase recruitment domain myeloid DC Dendritic cell inducible nitric oxide synthase myeloid differentiation factor 88 Interferon-regulatory factor tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 IRAK IFN-stimulated response element TNF-α nuclear factor kappa B activating protein 1 TRAIL lipopolysaccharide TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand signal transducers and activators of transcription TRIF-related adaptor molecule mitogen-activated protein kinase Stress-activated protein kinase Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase JAK retinoic acid-inducible gene IFN-stimulated genes CARD IL-1 receptor-associated kinase Gas Toll-like receptors