The timing and temporal patterns of eye blinking are dynamically modulated by attention

A number of human behaviors and movements show self-similar temporal patterns in their occurrence over time. Human walking, finger tapping and heartbeat intervals have fluctuations that are statistically similar at multiple time scales. However, whether eye blinking, which is a unique human behavior that occurs spontaneously, embeds a similar temporal structure within other types of movements is largely unknown. In this study, we used attention-requiring tasks to assess how the temporal pattern of eye blinking is altered in both the second and sub-second time scales. Our results showed that eyeblink activity was more suppressed as the task difficulty level increased and was facilitated immediately after exposure to auditory stimuli, which were presented for 6 to 14 s. Moreover, similar transient suppressive and facilitative patterns were observed in the response period, which lasted for less than one second. Furthermore, we found that spontaneous eye blinking intervals fluctuated according to an 1/f scaling property, which is widely observed in various human movements. These results suggest that the dynamics of eye blinking under specific cognitive tasks exhibit a similar temporal structure at multiple time scales.