Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
9286654 | Virology | 2005 | 13 Pages |
Abstract
We report herein that vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) induced a concurrent primary Th1 (T helper 1) and Th2 cytokine response detectable ex vivo. Liposome-encapsulated clodronate-mediated elimination of CD8â marginal dendritic cells (DCs) and splenic macrophages (mΦ), but not CD8+ interdigitating DCs, prior to infection resulted in a markedly diminished chemokine and Th1 (IL-2, interferon-γ) cytokine response, although the Th2 response (IL-4) remained relatively intact. Repopulation with marginal DCs and marginal metallophilic macrophages (MMM) restored Th1 cytokine profiles but did not restore chemokine responsiveness or reduce VSV-induced morbidity/mortality. Chemokine competency returned approximately 4 weeks post-depletion, which correlated temporally with repopulation of the spleen with marginal zone macrophages (MZM) and red pulp macrophages (RPM). Unexpectedly, virus-induced morbidity persisted for over 1 month post-depletion and was associated with virus dissemination and distinctive histological lesions in the liver. Depletion of interferon-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells did not account for virus-induced morbidity because serum levels of type I interferon were not diminished in Cl2MBP-liposomesome-treated mice. Thus, distinct mΦ subsets are critical for chemokine production and viral clearance, and, in their absence, VSV disseminates even in the presence of high titers of interferon.
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Authors
Richard P. Ciavarra, Lisa Taylor, Amy R. Greene, Nazita Yousefieh, Dale Horeth, Nico van Rooijen, Christina Steel, Betsy Gregory, Mark Birkenbach, Margaret Sekellick,