Evaluation of D-dimer and factor VIII in cirrhotic patients with asymptomatic portal venous thrombosis

D-dimer and factor VIII levels raise in advanced cirrhosis. We investigated the behavior and the diagnostic usefulness of D-dimer and factor VIII in cirrhotic patients with asymptomatic portal venous thrombosis. Factor VIII coagulant and D-dimer values were measured in 136 consecutive outpatients with stable cirrhosis divided according to Child-Pugh (CP) classification, who underwent color/power ultrasonography to detect portal thrombosis. Portal thrombosis was found in 33 patients (24.2%). In patients without thrombosis, factor VIII was significantly higher in CP class C compared with class A and B. Conversely, class C patients with portal thrombosis had lower factor VIII levels than those without thrombosis. In both groups, D-dimer was significantly increased in class C compared with class A and B. In class C, thrombotic patients showed higher D-dimer values than did patients without thrombosis. In class C, a D-dimer value ≥ 0.55 μg/mL provided a sensitivity and a negative predictive value for portal thrombosis of 100%, and a factor VIII coagulant level ≤ 80% showed a specificity and a negative predictive value of 76% and 84%, respectively. In class B, a D-dimer value ≥ 0.225 μg/mL had a sensitivity of 89% and a negative predictive value of 82%. In conclusion, our study shows that factor VIII values increase in severe cirrhosis but significantly decrease in the presence of concomitant portal thrombosis, likely because of consumption during thrombosis; D-dimer is enhanced by both liver failure and portal thrombosis; in severe cirrhosis, normal D-dimer and factor VIII values may safely exclude the presence of asymptomatic portal thrombosis.