Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
931767 Journal of Memory and Language 2015 12 Pages PDF
Abstract

•We examined effects of bilingualism on executive control.•Language groups were matched on background variables including immigrant status.•We compared active to inactive bilinguals to investigate effects of language use.•Participants completed a Simon arrow task and task-switching paradigm.•Our findings do not reveal an overall cognitive advantage of bilingualism.

Bilinguals have been argued to show a cognitive advantage over monolinguals, although this notion has recently been called into question. In many studies, bilinguals and monolinguals vary on background variables. Moreover, most studies do not distinguish between potential effects of language knowledge and language use. We examined the effects of bilingualism on executive control in older adults by comparing active and inactive bilinguals and monolinguals matched on lifestyle, socio-economic status, education, IQ, gender, and age. In the Simon arrow task, no effect of bilingualism was observed on overall RTs or the Simon effect. In the task-switching paradigm, although there was a difference between active (but not inactive) bilinguals and monolinguals on raw switching costs, the groups did not differ on overall RTs and proportional switching or mixing costs. Thus, our findings do not reveal an overall cognitive advantage of bilingualism on executive control tasks in groups matched on background variables.

Related Topics
Life Sciences Neuroscience Cognitive Neuroscience
Authors
, , ,