Infection bactérienne maternofœtale

Numerous recommendations have been addressed this past decade in relation with the frequency and severity of bacterial infections of the newborn induced by maternal-fœtal contamination. They are principally aimed at promoting the Streptococcus agalactiae screening and its eradication by a per partum antibiotherapy. In this literature review we attempt to present a synthesis of the successive published French and American recommendations, with a focus on the related drawbacks: difficulty of application, maternal risk in relation with the antibiotherapy, i.e., the emergence of resistant Gram-bacteria, the neonatal risk, since the results of these strategies suggest their likeliness to be inefficacious (outbreak of bacteria-resistant neonatal infections, sepsis onset, use of antibiotherapies with wider spectrum, and increased rate of bacteria-resistant nosocomial infections). Finally we will consider the factors involved in the risk of infection, and propose some types of management.