Characterization of oxidative stress status by evaluation of reactive oxygen species levels in whole semen and isolated spermatozoa

We defined the basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal donors in neat (whole unprocessed) semen specimens, and in mature and immature spermatozoa isolated by a double-density gradient technique. In addition, we demonstrated that the ROS levels were significantly lower in neat semen compared with washed spermatozoa. The reference values of ROS in neat semen and mature spermatozoa can be used to define the pathologic levels of ROS in infertile men and may guide in therapeutic interventions.