Variability in testis biopsy interpretation: implications for male infertility care in the era of intracytoplasmic sperm injection

A correlation between independent testis histology readings in azoospermic men demonstrates frequent inconsistencies. These differences contribute to inaccurate phenotyping of male infertility and can significantly impact the direction of infertility care. These findings highlight the need for a standardized approach to testis histologic review.