Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
932600 Journal of Pragmatics 2015 21 Pages PDF
Abstract

•This study proposes semantic–pragmatic connections from Choice (disjunctive “or”) to Free-choice (“regardless”), and then to Counter-expectation (“even”, “even though”).•Using a diachronic corpus from the 5th century, it demonstrates that the Korean disjunctive -na engendered “even” in the nominal and “even though” in the verbal domain through the mediation of “free-choice”.•It draws on the historical development of Korean -na, on additional evidence from Hausa, and on König's studies on the emergence of concessive markers (1985, 1986, 1988, 1991a).

This study proposes semantic–pragmatic connections from Choice (disjunctive “or”; two given choices) to Free-choice (“regardless”, “whatever”; regardless of choices), and then to Counter-expectation (scalar focus particle “even” and concessive “even though”; beyond expectation), drawing on the case of Korean -na, on additional evidence from Hausa and Korean, and on König's studies on the emergence of concessive markers (1985, 1986, 1988, 1991a).Starting with 5th century pre-alphabet texts, the study uses diachronic corpus data to investigate the history of Korean -na. The versatile -na expresses nine functions (mostly markers of choice, free-choice, and counter-expectation) including two opposite scalar focus particles, additive “as many as” and restrictive “just”. The study proposes that after starting out as a disjunctive with NPs in the 8th century, -na subsequently became disjunctive with VPs and then engendered “even” in the nominal and “even though” in the verbal domain through the mediation of “free-choice”.The study presents an integrated analysis of the historical development of these seemingly remote nine functions of -na, and on that basis, demonstrates the importance of pragmatic inference and local context in the emergence of new polysemies.

Related Topics
Social Sciences and Humanities Arts and Humanities Language and Linguistics
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