Germ cell tumors: An update of recent data and review of active protocols in stage I and metastatic disease

Germ cell tumors are highly curable malignancies even when metastatic. Investigations currently focus on curtailing toxicity in low-risk patients and improving cure rates in poor-risk individuals. Reduced dose radiation schedules and short-course chemotherapy regimens have been evaluated in stage I disease. In metastatic disease, several new nonplatinum agents offer promise for patients with poor risk or relapsed disease. In addition, high-dose chemotherapy regimens with autologous stem cell transplant provide potential for further improvements in survival. This review will highlight recent developments and currently active clinical trials pertinent to the treatment of patients with germ cell tumors.