The Biomechanics and Biology of the Spinal Degenerative Cascade

We present a review of the literature on the current theories relating to the biomechanics and biology of the spinal degenerative cascade. Over the decades since the degenerative cascade was first presented, we have come to appreciate that spinal degeneration is the end-result of interplay between subtle alterations in mechanical and biochemical properties of the intervertebral disc and facet joint complex. As we better appreciate the biologic aspects of spinal degeneration, less-invasive, non-ablative treatments designed to reverse these biologic processes and restore the disc and facet functioning may become a reality.