Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
9370817 | Archives de Pédiatrie | 2005 | 21 Pages |
Abstract
Breast milk contains hormones, growth factors, cytokines, cells, etc., and offers many advantages over cow's milk or soy protein infant formulae. The composition of breast milk is influenced by gestational and postnatal age. Prevalence of breastfeeding in France is one of the lowest in Europe: in 2003, only 58% of infants were breastfed when leaving the maternity ward, for a median duration of 10Â weeks. Breastfeeding allows normal growth until at least 6Â months of age, and can be prolonged until the age of 2Â years or more, provided that complementary feeding is started after 6Â months. Breastfeeding is associated with slightly enhanced performance on tests of cognitive development. Exclusive breastfeeding for at least 3Â months is associated with a lower incidence and severity of diarrhoea, otitis media and respiratory infection. Exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6Â months is associated with a lower incidence of allergic disease in at-risk infants (infants with at least one first-degree relative presenting with allergy). Breastfeeding is also associated with a lower incidence of obesity during childhood and adolescence, as well as with a lower incidence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in adulthood. Maternal infection with hepatitis B and C virus is not a contraindication to breastfeeding, as opposed to HIV infection and galactosemia. A supplementation with vitamin D and K is necessary in the breastfed infant. Very few medications contraindicate breastfeeding. Premature babies can be breastfed and/or receive mother's milk and/or bank milk, provided they receive energy, protein and mineral supplements. Return to prepregnancy weight is earlier in breastfeeding mothers. Breastfeeding is also associated with a decreased risk of breast and ovarian cancer in the premenopausal period, and of hip fractures and osteoporosis in the postmenopausal period.
Keywords
ESPGHANEPAIMCAAPAGPICDCAFSSAAFSSAPSANAESPNNsOMSPathologie vasculaireAllergieAllergyAgence française de sécurité sanitaire des produits de santéAcides gras polyinsaturésMetabolic programmingVascular diseaseDHAdiabèteDiabetes mellitusInfant growthOrganisation mondiale de la santéindice de masse corporelleBreast feedingAllaitement maternelInfectionInfectionsHealth benefitsObesityodds ratioObésité
Related Topics
Health Sciences
Medicine and Dentistry
Perinatology, Pediatrics and Child Health
Authors
D. Turck, Comité de nutrition de la Société française de pédiatrie Comité de nutrition de la Société française de pédiatrie,