Poisoning in children

Poisoning accounts for about 7% of all accidents in children under 5 years and is implicated in about 2% of all childhood deaths in the developed world, and over 5% in the developing world (National Poisons Information Service). In considering this topic, however, it is important to differentiate accidental overdose (common in the younger age groups) and deliberate overdose (more common in young adults). Although initial assessment and treatment of these groups may not differ significantly, the social issues and ongoing follow-up of these children will be totally different and the treating physician must remain aware of this difference. The initial identification and treatment of these children remains the mainstay of management, and many ingested substances do not have a specific antidote. Supportive treatment must be planned and the potential for delayed or long-term effects noted. The specific presentation and treatment of some of the commonly ingested substances will be addressed in this article, and guidance given on when to contact expert help.