Aspects normaux et pathologiques du tube digestif en échographie

Ultrasonography remains an unusual way of exploring the gastrointestinal tract despite the fact that this imaging technique that uses medium or high frequency transducers offers an exceptional resolution. Therefore, the examination must be realized as close as possible to the bowel segment with transabdominal, transvaginal or transrectal techniques. Peri-digestive alarming signs can be found: inflammation of the mesenteric and omental fat may be observed at the general examination of the peritoneal cavity. Then, high frequency permits a detailed study of the parietal layers. Ultrasound semiology is based not only on abnormal echotexture, appearance and contours, but also on the evaluation of mobility, softness and adhesion. Bowel wall thickening is frequent and each layer must be studied. Clearly, the diagnostic hypothesis depends on clinical and biological circumstances.