Liver Tumor Gross Margin Identification and Ablation Monitoring during Liver Radiofrequency Treatment

In human subjects, VLS during RF liver tumor ablation depicted gross hepatic tumor margins in real time; in animal subjects, VLS achieved monitoring of when and where RF ablation endpoints were achieved, even long after the tissue cooled. Real-time in vivo monitoring and treatment feedback may be possible with the use of real-time VLS sensors placed along side of, or embedded into, the RF probe, which can then be used as an adjunct to standard imaging during tumor localization and RF ablation treatment.