Hypertonic resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock prevents alveolar macrophage activation by preventing systemic oxidative stress due to gut ischemia/reperfusion

HTS resuscitation prevents systemic oxidative stress by reducing gut ischemia/reperfusion injury and consequently attenuates distant alveolar macrophage priming, thereby reducing LPS-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation in alveolar macrophages and organ injury. This represents a novel mechanism whereby HTS exerts its immunomodulatory effects.