Bongkrekic acid ameliorates ischemic neuronal death in the cortex by preventing cytochrome c release and inhibiting astrocyte activation

Mitochondrial release of cytochrome c (cyt-c) plays a critical role in initiating cell death after cerebral ischemia. The objective of this study was to determine whether bongkrekic acid (BKA) ameliorates ischemic neuronal damage by inhibiting the release of cyt-c. These results showed that a 10 min period of global ischemia caused neuronal death, increased the release of cyt-c and activated astrocytes in the cortex and CA1. BKA treatment reduced ischemic-induced neuronal death, prevented cyt-c release and inhibited astrocyte activation in the cortex, but not in the CA1. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of BKA is associated with its ability to prevent cyt-c release and to inhibit astrocyte activation.