Hypoxia-induced IL-6 production is associated with activation of MAP kinase, HIF-1, and NF-κB on HEI-OC1 cells

In the present study, we investigated the signal transduction pathways of expression of IL-6 in the desferrioxamine (DFX)-stimulated cochlear auditory cell line, HEI-OC1 cells. DFX increased the expression of HIF-1α and NF-κB in HEI-OC1 cells. DFX significantly increased the production of IL-6 (P < 0.05) and expression of IL-6 mRNA but did not affect TNF-α production. DFX also induced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) including p38, ERK, and JNK on HEI-OC1. Increased IL-6 by DFX was significantly inhibited by p38 inhibitor, SB203580 (about 72% inhibition, P = 0.027) but not ERK inhibitor, PD98059 or JNK inhibitor, SP600125. SB203580 inhibited the expression of IL-6 mRNA. Increased IL-6 production was partially inhibited by treatment of iron (HIF-1 inhibitor) or pyrriolidine-dithiocarbamate (PDTC, NF-κB inhibitor). DFX also induced IL-6 production and HIF-1α expression in the inner ear. We demonstrated the regulatory effects of MAPK, HIF-1α, and NF-κB on DFX-induced IL-6 production in a HEI-OC1 for the first time. In conclusion, these data indicate that regulation of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 by DFX, through mimicking hypoxic conditions, might explain its beneficial effect in the treatment of hypoxia-induced inner ear diseases.