Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
9451720 | Chemosphere | 2005 | 12 Pages |
Abstract
The results of the bioassays indicated that none of the coatings analysed contained leachable biocides. Nevertheless, some products contained or leached dangerous compounds. The analyses revealed leaching of nonylphenol (up to 74.7Â ng/cm2/d after 48Â h) and bisphenol A (up to 2.77Â ng/cm2/d after 24Â h) from epoxy resins used as substitutes for antifouling paints. The heavy metal, zinc, was measured in dry paint film in quantities up to 576Â 000Â ppm in erodable coatings, not incorporated as a biocide but to control the rate of erosion. Values for TBT in silicone elutriates were mostly below the detection limit of 0.005Â mg/kg. Values for DBT ranged between <0.005 and 6.28Â mg/kg, deriving from catalysts used as curing agents. Some biocide-free paints contained leachable, toxic and dangerous compounds in the dry film, some of which may act as substitutes for biocides or are incorporated as plasticizers or catalysts. Implications to environmental requirements and legislation are discussed.
Related Topics
Life Sciences
Environmental Science
Environmental Chemistry
Authors
B.T. Watermann, B. Daehne, S. Sievers, R. Dannenberg, J.C. Overbeke, J.W. Klijnstra, O. Heemken,