Migrating pingos in the permafrost region of the Tibetan Plateau, China and their hazard along the Golmud-Lhasa railway

The migrating pingos result from active fault movement promoting artesian ground-water circulation and changing water pathways under the seasonal temperature variations in the permafrost region. They pose a serious hazard to railway construction, which, in turn can further disturb the ground-water conduits and affect pingo migration.