Simplifying sample pretreatment: Application of dried blood spot (DBS) method to blood samples, including postmortem, for UHPLC–MS/MS analysis of drugs of abuse

The complexity of biological matrices, such as blood, requires the development of suitably selective and reliable sample pretreatment procedures prior to their instrumental analysis. A method has been developed for the analysis of drugs of abuse and their metabolites from different chemical classes (opiates, methadone, fentanyl and analogues, cocaine, amphetamines and amphetamine-like substances, ketamine, LSD) in human blood using dried blood spot (DBS) and subsequent UHPLC–MS/MS analysis.DBS extraction required only 100 μL of sample, added with the internal standards and then three droplets (30 μL each) of this solution were spotted on the card, let dry for 1 h, punched and extracted with methanol with 0.1% of formic acid. The supernatant was evaporated and the residue was then reconstituted in 100 μL of water with 0.1% of formic acid and injected in the UHPLC–MS/MS system. The method was validated considering the following parameters: LOD and LOQ, linearity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect and dilution integrity. LODs were 0.05–1 ng/mL and LOQs were 0.2–2 ng/mL. The method showed satisfactory linearity for all substances, with determination coefficients always higher than 0.99. Intra and inter day precision, accuracy, matrix effect and dilution integrity were acceptable for all the studied substances. The addition of internal standards before DBS extraction and the deposition of a fixed volume of blood on the filter cards ensured the accurate quantification of the analytes. The validated method was then applied to authentic postmortem blood samples.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (195 K)Download as PowerPoint slide