A-ECMS: An Adaptive Algorithm for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Management

In this paper a new control strategy called adaptive ECMS (A-ECMS) is presented. This real-time energy management for HEV is obtained adding to the ECMS framework an on-the-fly algorithm for the estimation of the equivalence factor according to the driving conditions. The main idea is to periodically refresh the control parameter according to the current road load, so that the battery state of charge is maintained within the boundaries and the fuel consumption is minimized. The results obtained with A-ECMS show that the fuel economy that can be achieved is only slightly suboptimal and the operations are charge-sustaining.