Shakedown of complex structures according to various hardening rules

This article is concerned with a review of the literature on shakedown problems of complex structures according to various hardening rules. Although many hardening rules have been developed, shakedown analyses for hardening materials in the literature are limited to the simple kinematic hardening rules of Prager and Armstrong-Frederick. In other words, much more advanced hardening rules may not be vital to decide whether a structure will shakedown or not. Results of shakedown analyses for some complex structures are included.