What happened to the Washington Consensus? The evolution of international development policy

The term “Washington Consensus”, as Williamson the father of the term conceived it, in 1989, was a set of reforms for economic development that he judged “Washington” could agree were required in Latin America. However, the Washington Consensus has been identified as a neoliberal manifesto and calls were made for the implementation of a different set of policies, which took the form of the “Augmented Washington Consensus”. Lately, Williamson offered a new set of policies the “After the Washington Consensus”. The aim of this paper is to investigate the different interpretations and alternatives of this controversial set of policies, and to reveal the historical evolution of the implemented policies for international development.