Research at Canadian zoos and botanical gardens

A wide range of research is undertaken by, or at, these institutions that are actively involved in a broad spectrum of conservation programs, both in situ and ex situ. Projects and programs include veterinary science, husbandry or plant propagation, animal (and visitor) behaviour, ecology, habitat rehabilitation, taxonomy, systematics, physiology and phenology. Regardless of their size, these institutions make contributions to discoveries and innovations, and provide excellent collaborative opportunities for academia. Living collections also provide specimens and biological samples for a range of academic investigation, such as DNA analysis for comparative genetic purposes or reference, forensic evaluation, pathological reference, parasitology, studies in comparative anatomy or physiology, and genome banking.