Path-integral Fujikawa’s approach to anomalous virial theorems and equations of state for systems with SO(2,1) symmetry

•Quantum anomalies in nonrelativistic systems.•Path-integral treatment of quantum anomalies in nonrelativistic systems (Fujikawa’s approach).•Derivation of virial theorems for nonrelativistic systems with incorporation of quantum anomalies.

We derive anomalous equations of state for nonrelativistic 2D complex bosonic fields with contact interactions, using Fujikawa’s path-integral approach to anomalies and scaling arguments. In the process, we derive an anomalous virial theorem for such systems. The methods used are easily generalizable for other 2D systems, including fermionic ones, and of different spatial dimensionality, all of which share a classical SO(2,1)SO(2,1) Schrödinger symmetry. The discussion is of a more formal nature and is intended mainly to shed light on the structure of anomalies in 2D many-body systems. The anomaly corrections to the virial theorem and equation of state–pressure relationship–may be identified as the Tan contact term. The practicality of these ideas rests upon being able to compute in detail the Fujikawa Jacobian that contains the anomaly. This and other conceptual issues, as well as some recent developments, are discussed at the end of the paper.