“White and Green”: Comparison of market-based instruments to promote energy efficiency

The wealth of information obtained through the models and analysis provides a set of recommendations for policy-makers, including: (1) the need for closer co-ordination between energy policies and environmental and climate policies; (2) the opportunity to establish more ambitious targets for energy efficiency; (3) the scope for increased EU co-ordination; (4) the extension of White Certificates to the medium and low energy-intensive industries; (5) the need to support White Certificates with accompanying actions, such as running information campaigns, promoting energy service companies, and providing dedicated credit lines; (6) the need to develop similar instruments for transport and (7) the continuing need for energy research and development.