Changes in the tumor microenvironment during low-dose-rate permanent seed implantation iodine-125 brachytherapy

Conclusion: It may be advantageous to give adjuvant EBRT shortly (∼1 to 2 days) after commencement of clinical LDR brachytherapy, when the pO2 in the spatial regions between seeds should be elevated. If chemotherapy is given adjuvantly, it may best be administered just a little later (∼3 or 4 days) after the start of LDR brachytherapy, when perfusion should be elevated.