A Framework for the Integration of Diverse Learning Approaches: Operationalizing Agricultural Research and Development (R&D) Linkages in Eastern Africa

SummaryOperationalizing research and development (R&D) within a fluid continuum encompassing both understanding and application can be a daunting task. This paper presents a typology of distinct learning approaches designed to operationalize research-for-development. It summarizes lessons for achieving quality within each approach, and for their integration into a fluid continuum of theory and practice. A set of cases is presented to illustrate the critical importance of each learning approach and their integration in practice. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for institutional arrangements and partnerships that may best enable the application of the approach within everyday R&D practice.